Paliperidone (9-OH-risperidone) is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone. While its specific mechanism of action is unknown, it is believed that paliperidone and risperidone act via similar if not the same pathways. It has been proposed that the drug's therapeutic activity in schizophrenia is mediated through a combination of central dopamine Type 2 (D2) and serotonin Type 2 (5HT2A) receptor antagonism. Paliperidone is also active as an antagonist at alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors and H1 histaminergic receptors, which may explain some of the other effects of the drug. Paliperidone was approved by the FDA for treatment of schizophrenia on December 20, 2006. Very common adverse effects are: headache, tachycardia, somnolence and insomnia.

DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL (DPPG) is a phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl. DPPG is one of the commonly used lipids in liposome studies and biological systems research.

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is the main lipid component of surfactant, it reduces surface tension, preventing collapse of the alveoli. It is used in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress. It is an important constituent of the number of surfactant, such as Curosurf®, Lucinactant, Exosurf. Porcine-derived lung surfactant Curosurf® (poractant alfa) intratracheal suspension is indicated for the rescue treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature infants. Each milliliter of suspension contains 80 mg of poractant alfa that includes 76 mg of phospholipids and 1 mg of protein of which 0.45 mg is SP-B and 0.59 mg is SP-C. The amount of phospholipids is calculated from the content of phosphorus and contains 55 mg of phosphatidylcholine of which 30 mg is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Curosurf reduces mortality and pneumothoraces associated with RDS. Lucinactant is a new synthetic peptide-containing surfactant for intratracheal use. It contains sinapultide, phospholipids (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC and palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylglycerol, POPG) and a fatty acid (palmitic acid). Intended for the prevention of RDS in premature infants at high risk for RDS. FDA approved on March 6, 2012. Exosurf, approved by FDA in 1990, is a protein-free surfactant composed of 85% dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 9% hexadecanol, and 6% tyloxapol by weight.